Cross product
Dot Product vs Cross Product: Key Differences, Formulas and Examples
By Dr. Muhammad Amjad Khadim (PhD Mathematics) · Updated November 2026 Students often mix up the dot product and the cross product . Bo...
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Vector algebra
Vector Projection Formula: Scalar and Vector Projection with Examples
By Dr. Muhammad Amjad Khadim (PhD Mathematics) The projection of a vector answers a simple question: how much of vector a points in the ...
Gradient divergence curl
Gradient, Divergence and Curl: Formulas, Meaning and Solved Examples
By Dr. Muhammad Amjad Khadim (PhD Mathematics) Gradient, divergence and curl are the three core operations of vector calculus. All three ...
Triple product
Scalar and Vector Triple Product: Formulas, Volume and Examples
By Dr. Muhammad Amjad Khadim (PhD Mathematics) When three vectors are involved, there are two important products: the scalar triple produc...
Unit vector
Unit Vector: Formula, How to Find It and Solved Examples
By Dr. Muhammad Amjad Khadim (PhD Mathematics) A unit vector is a vector with magnitude exactly 1. It keeps only the direction of a vect...
Dot product
Dot Product of Two Vectors: Formula, Properties and Solved Examples
By Dr. Muhammad Amjad Khadim (PhD Mathematics) The dot product (also called the scalar product) is the first operation every student meet...
Analytic Geometry
Slope of a Line as a Vector: Direction Vectors, Rise Over Run and Gradients Explained
By Dr. Muhammad Amjad Khadim, PhD (Mathematics) Most of us meet slope in school as "rise over run" and leave it there. That is a...